Edward Tufte’s The Cognitive Style of PowerPoint lobbies some legitimate criticisms. The medium of visual presentations has always been one that I have found difficult to approach, execute, or understand. I have routinely been confused by the formats, particularly the seemingly subjective aesthetic elements, which Tufte refers to as “Phluff” in reference to PowerPoint. Tufte scathingly criticizes much of the stylistic aspects of PowerPoint. I have always felt that a great deal of the effort put into manufacturing a PowerPoint is devoted to meaningless uses of templates, transitions and rules that limit content. The focus of this medium is on style that seems fundamentally flawed in delivering information. Tufte specifically critiques the inadequacy of PowerPoint in representing statistical graphs and data tables. Dense statistics deserve adequate representation that cannot be provided by a medium that limits the use of text. PowerPoint also necessitates the use of bullet points; virtually all that I have been taught about PowerPoint has stressed the need for conciseness and limited text. Any attempts to provide a dense body of information through text or images are fundamentally flawed in the medium of PowerPoint. The use of bulleted phrases and words rather than complete sentences might seem to condense information and cue the audience into the most important information. However, conciseness also eliminates a great deal of information, thereby sacrificing content (see Figure 1). The whole mission of the slideshow presentation is to provide the audience with the most important information, however I feel that in most cases it merely functions as a tool for the presenter to organize his or her thoughts and oversimplifies the information. Too often I have seen presenters looking at their own slides and I have been guilty of this myself. It is a medium I abhor and in short, Tufte provided evidence to ground my grievances against PowerPoint.
                                          Figure 1
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In class, we discussed Scott McCloud's "Understanding Comics," which is really the seminal work in well, understanding comics.  McCloud discusses just about every, and any aspect of comics that can be conceived, and our discussion on 'gutters' was interesting, as I hadn't read "Understanding Comics" in some ten years.

As an avid comics fan (buff?), I had always been told that Neal Adams was one of the genre-defining comics-book artists of his day (which happened to precede me by some 15 years).  As you can see in the examples to the right, his use of panel arrangement was completely "outside-the-box," to coin a phrase that came up in class.  That is not the interesting part, however.

What is interesting about the two examples presented here is that they do not conform to the most-often-used transition cited by McCloud, the "Action-to-Action."  Instead, these particular panels, and their arrangement, necessitate a "Moment-to-Moment" reading.  This is interesting, because there is no shortage of action in these panels.  And in McCloud's admittedly small sampling of Western comics, "Action-to-Action" panels dominate.

There is an underlying philosophy in the way stories are told, which is probably all the more exacerbated by the comics medium (65% "Action-to-Action!"), and it is the concept of agency.  McCloud touches on this a little bit in his book, but I prefer Lera Boroditsky's thought that Western (particularly American) readers are much more likely to "assign agency" when describing events.  "John hit Bob," as opposed to "Bob was hit by John."  Or "David broke the glass," as opposed to "the glass was broken." This way of constructing narratives and describing events comes out in our visual language as well, and those artists who break free of that paradigm (like Neal Adams) are to be commended.
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